UNIT VII
■ STANDARD COMPETENCE
Understand about a passage the function of The Relative Clause or Adjective Clause
in sentences properly.
■ BASIC COMPETENCE
Understand about a passage about health and the function of The Relative Clause or Adjective Clause in sentences properly
- Understand how to use relative clause and adjective clause properly in sentences, paragraphs, composition in writing (passive English) and oral (Active English) properly.
- Understand more about “how to have debate discussion”
- Can communicate well using “how to have debate”.
■ INDICATOR
After teaching and learning process students are expected to be :
- Able to explain about the function of relative clause and adjective clause in sentences.
- Able to use relative clause and adjective clause properly in sentences, paragraph, composition (passive English) and oral (active English).
- Able to communicate using “how to have debate discussion”.
A. READING
MR. JANSEN HAS HAD A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Mr. Jansen was a 64- year-old psychologist children. He was very active despite his age. He had had thrombophlebitis of his left leg, but since he was not incapacitated, he had been treated at home for it and was totally cured.
Yesterday, whilst at work he suddenly developed a crushing, central chest pain which radiated up his throat and down his left arm. His assistant called an ambulance and he was brought into the casually department where a diagnosis of myocadinal infarction was made. He was immediately transferred to the Coronary Care Unit after being given Diamorphin to relieve his severe pain. This was done because complications following a heart attack are likely to occur during this period of time. The staff in the Coronary Care Unit are specially trained to look out for, and to treat, any abnormalities as they occur so that life threatening complications will not develop.
On arrival at the CCU Mr. Jansen was pale, sleepy, but free from pain. He was accompanied by his wife. He was settled into bed and attached to a cardiac monitor. The doctor arranged for an ECG straight away.
QUESTIONS
1. How old was Mr. Jensen?
2. When did he have a heart attack?
3. Why was he given Diamorphin?
4. Is a heart attack a crucial condition? Explain your answer
5. Was Mr. Jensen a lazy man?
B. GRAMMAR
The Relative Clause or Adjective Clause
As the term tells you, a relative clause or an adjective clause is a clause which has the function of an adjective, i.e. it tells us more about a noun. A clause is different from a phrase. In a phrase there is no verb but a clause must have a verb. A clause is also different from a sentence: a sentence can stand on its own, therefore a sentence is also called an independent clause, whereas a clause is always dependent on another clause. In Bahasa Indonesia, a clause is called "anak kalimat" some grammarians prefer to call a clause a subordinate clause to show its dependent/subordinate position.
A relative clause is introduced or preceded by a relative pronoun, such as who (for people), that/which (for things), whose (to denote possession).
There are two kinds of relative clauses:
1. Defining Relative Clause
2. Non-defining Relative Clause.
1. Defining Relative Clause
A defining relative clause is an essential part of the sentence. We cannot omit this clause, because if we do then the meaning of the sentence is not clear. We don't know what thing is meant.
e.g. The book which you gave me is very good.
The man who is talking to Olaf is the office manager.
The underlined parts are the relative clauses. They tell you about the book and about the man. If we take away those clauses we don't know what book or what man is meant.
e.g. The book is very good. What book? The book which you gave me!
The man is the office manager. Which man? The man who is talking to Olaf.
Note: defining relative clauses are never preceded by a comma.
2. Non-defining Relative Clause
A non-defining relative clause is not an important part of the sentence. It is just an additional information. It can be taken away and the sentence will still be clear. Example:
- My sister Farida, who is a secretary, will come soon.
- English, which is a world language, is studied in SMP and SMA.
If we take away the underlined parts of the above sentences, we will still understand who will come soon or what is studied in SMP and SMA.
Note:
A non- defining relative clause is always preceded by a comma.
In a defining relative clause the relative pronoun is sometimes ommited e.g.
- The book which you gave me is very good - The book you gave me is very good.
- The man who is talking to Olaf is the manager , The man talking to Olaf is the manager.
The relative pronouns can also be used with prepositions. From the text we have:
1. Mr. Clifford sat at a desk on which was a telephone etc.
2. By his side was waste-paper basket into which he dropped the envelopes.
3. There were files containing papers that he was going to examine.
4. Miss Sharpe was typing some letters which Mr. Clifford had recorded for her.
5. Olaf watched Miss Sharpe listening to the tape in the machine, which she controlled with a pedal under her desk.
6. Well go and see Mr. Brown, our office manager, who will be your boss for the next month or so.
Study the above six sentences carefully. Underline all the relative clauses and:
1. Say whether it is a defining or non-defining clause;
2. Mention the noun each clause refers to.
Copy the following sentences in your Exercise Book! Underline the relative clauses and put a d for a defining clause and for a non defining clause; put a X below the noun referred to by the clause (the noun is the antecedent).
Example: The letter (which) we received today is from Hongkong.
X d
1. Olaf would accept any work which gave him a chance of learning the routine of office work.
2. I will introduce you to Mr. Brown under whom you will work first.
3. I hope you could help me and so strengthen the friendly relations which have existed between our firms for so long.
4. It would be useful for Olaf first to get a sound knowledge of English commercial practice, about which he knew so little.
5. Many thanks for your letter, which arrived yesterday.
6. I think that your suggestion that you should get some experience of commercial practice is excellent.
7. You can learn nowhere better than in London, which is still an important centre of world trade.
8. I can give you an introduction to a firm which will give you exactly what you need.
9. I have been doing business with the Weavewell Woollen Co. Ltd., which is the textile trade.
10. I enclose a copy of a letter (which) I have sent today to Mr. Clifford.
11. Olaf has a 'season ticket' which he bought at the station yesterday.
12. A quarter of an hour later sees him at Bank station which is just by the Bank of England.
13. In front of him is an imposing building which looks like a fortress.
14. Anyone whose record is consistently better than average deserves a bonus.
15. The personnel director, whose office you just visited, is out of town.
In your Exercise Book, combine the following sentences using defining or non-defining relative pronouns. Example:
- This is the man. I gave my file to him this morning.
- This is the man to whom I gave my file this morning.
- Ida typed the report. Ida is Mr. Smith's secretary.
- Ida, who is Mr. Smith's secretary, typed the report.
C. SPEAKING
Have debate discussion in groups about SMOKING SHOULD BE BANNED
D. WRITING
Look for an article about the danger of smoking for our health.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Darmawan, Iyan. English for Nurses. Jakarta. Kesaint Blanc. 2002
Hidayat, Rachmat. Silaswati, Shinta. 2002. Active English for Nurses. Jakarta: Widya Medika.
Kokomaking D. Joakim. Handoyo, Pujo. Tsardosslapito. 1998. Keep on Conversing. A Compilation of Speaking Materials for Conversation Classes. Jakarta: ABA Pertiwi- BBC INTERNATIONAL.
Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English: a Practical Reference Guide. New Jersey: Practice Hall.
Matreyek, Walter. 1983. Communicating in English: examples and models (material for language practice). Vol 3 Situation. New York: Pergamon Press.
Roberta Z. Lavine & SharonA. 1986. Fetcher, On Line: English for Computer Science. Singapore: Mc. Graw Hill Book Company.
Thomson & Martinet. 1986. A Practical English Grammar. Hong Kong: Oxford University,
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