Selasa, 15 November 2011

MODUL BAHASA INGGRIS I Apikes Citra Medika, Unit III


UNIT III


   STANDARD COMPETENCE
Understand about a passage about SHE GOT AN ACUTE ASTHMATIC ATTACK and  the function of  TO BE and AUXILIARIES VERB, NOUN and ADJECTIVE in sentences properly.
   BASIC COMPETENCE
   Understand a passage based on the topic.
   Understand how to use TO BE and AUXILIARIES VERB, NOUN and ADECTIVE a properly in sentences, paragraphs, composition in writing (passive English) and oral (Active English) properly.
   Understand more about “an ideal friend” and its supported vocabularies in telling story to support speaking skill
   Can communicate well using “ an ideal friend” As the theme and some supported vocabularies
   INDICATOR
After teaching and learning process students are expected to be:
  1. Able to explain about a passage and the function of TO BE and AUXILIARIES VERB, NOUN and ADECTIVE in sentences.
  2. Able to use TO BE and AUXILIARIES VERB, NOUN and ADECTIVE properly in sentences, paragraph, composition (passive English) and oral (active English).
  3. Able to communicate using “an ideal friend” As the theme and some supported vocabularies

A.    READING
SHE GOT AN ACUTE ASTHMATIC ATTACK
Mrs. John is 37 years old and has a 15 years old son. She has had intermittent admission to hospital with acute attacks of asthma since she was 21. This time the asthmatic attract was due to bronchitis which Mrs. John had had for three days.
After initial treatment in casualty department, she was taken to the ward and helped into bed. The nurse assigned to her care welcomed her to the ward, gently told her that she would soon be feeling more comfortable, and ensured that she was well supported with four pillows. The oxygen therapy commenced in casualty was continued.

Exercises
1.      What happened to Mrs. John?
2.      How long has she got the disease?
3.      What department should she stay in?
4.      Retell the passage well.

B.     GRAMMAR

TO BE and AUXILIARIES VERB
By enlarging the concept of auxiliaries to indicate not only independent structure words but also the inflectional endings of the simple present and the simple past tense, modern grammarians are abele to claim that differences between the present and past tenses are marked by the auxiliary alone.
 Tense
To be / Auxiliary Verb
(Verb Used)
Present
Past
Am, is, were
Was, were
………………………….
………………………….
Present
Past
Do, does
Did
………………………….
………………………….
Present
Past
Have, has
Had
………………………….
………………………….
1.      MODAL AUXLIARIES
The modal auxiliaries have a number of different meanings. They are generally used to indicate something which is potential or uncertain.
Remember that a modal is an auxiliary, and thus is NEVER used with do, does, or did. The modal include:
Will
Can
May
Shall
Must (have to)
Would (used to)
Could
Might
Should (ought to)(had better)
Had to
Note : Word in parentheses (……..) indicate semi modals. These have similar meanings to the modal, but are not grammatically the same.
Negation of modals. To make a modal negative, add the particle not after the modal.
§  Dita would like to leave.
§  Dita would not like to leave.
Question with modal: to make a question, once place the modal at the beginning of the sentences.
§  Would Dita like to leave?
Note: A modal is always directly followed the simple form (verb word). This is the infinitive without to
INFINITIVE
SIMPLE FORM
To be
To go
To have
Be
Go
Have
This means that after a modal there can NEVER be:
a.      Verb – ing
b.      Verb – (s/es)
c.       Past tense
d.      Infinitive

There are two ways that a modal there can occur:
a.    
Modal + simple form of the verb
§  Would be
§  Could be
§  Will have

b.    
Modal + have + (verb in past participle)
§  Would have been
§  Could have gone
§  Will have had
Note: The word have, of course, must always be in the simple form after a modal; it can never be has or had.
Meanings of the modal: each of the modal has a different meaning. It is necessary to know the meaning of each.
Will: will indicate future certainly
§  Dona will begin the job tomorrow
§  Maria Ochoa will leave in January

2.      NOUN
Noun is the head of sentences that arrange with verb to form a sentences core which is essential to complete sentence.
There are some kinds of noun they are:
a.      Proper noun
§  Proper noun begins with a capital latter is writing it includes:
§  Personal names (Mr. Smith)
§  Names of geographic unit (countries, cities, rivers) e.g.: Indonesia, Mississippi.
§  Names of nationalities and Religion (Indonesian, Christianity)
§  Names of holidays (Easter, Christmas)
§  Name of time units (Saturday, June)

b.      Concrete or abstract nouns
1)      Concrete noun is a word for a physical object that can be perceived by the senses ► we can see, touch, smell, the object (flower, girl)
2)      An abstract nouns is a word for a concept ► it is an idea that exists in our minds only (justice, kindness, beauty)

c.       Countable and uncountable noun
1)      Countable noun or CN is noun that can be counted. These noun can usually be made plural by the addition of = S
For example: girl – girls
These nouns also can use many, several, some in front of plural noun and if the noun singular, the verb to be is or was but if it is plural the verb to be is are or were.
2)      Uncountable noun
Uncountable noun is not used in the plural, cannot be counted, cannot be given by the addition of an/ a in front of the noun but the word can be usually be added much in front of the word. The verb to be is “is 9for present) or was (for past)”.
For example: tea, coffee, food, chalk, rice, air, money, iron, gold, information.
Used for CN
Used for UCN
§  a (N), the, some, any
§  this, these, that, those
§  none, one, two three ……….
§  Many
§  a lot of


             large
§  a                   number of
             great
§  a few
§  fewer …… than
§  more ……. Than
The, some, any
This, that
None
Much (-, ?)
A lot of (+)



A large a mount of

A little
Less ………..than
More ……… than

d.      Collective Noun
Collective is a word for a group of people, animals or object, considered as a single unit.
For example:
Audience
Committee
Class
Crew
Orchestra
Folk: rakyat
Flock : jemaah
Government
Herd : kawanan
Majoring
Enemy
Team
Public
Faculty
Family
Group
Jury
Nation
Press

These nouns use singular verb.
E.g. the committee has decided tom make rules.
Collective nouns are countable noun.
s
 
E.g.  the committee      have decided to make rules.

e.       Noun Compounds
Noun compounds is a group of words usually two but sometimes more joined together into one vocabulary unit that function as a single part of speech. They are:
Noun + Noun
Possessive noun + noun
Adjective + Noun
Verb + Noun
N + Verb
Gerund + N
N + gerund
Preposition + N
V + Prep + Adv
N + Pre phrase
è Bathroom, department store, grammar book
è Lady’s maid, artist’s model
è Blackbird, blueprint, commonsense
è Pick pocket, flash light, dance team
è Handshake, garbage dump, lifeguard
è Dinning room, punching bag
è Fortune telling, house cleaning
è Overalls, by-way, down pour
è Breakdown, make-up, grow up
è Son-in-low, editor in chief

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

1.      ADJECTIVES
Adjectives fall into two categories: descriptive and limiting. Descriptive adjectives are those which describe the color, size, or quality of o person or thing (noun or pronoun). Limiting adjectives place restrictions an the words they modify (quantity, distance, possession, etc).
Note: only these and those are plural forms. All others remain the same whether the noun is singular or plural.
DESCRIPTIVE
LIMITING

Beautiful
Large
Red
Interesting
Important
Colorful
Cardinal numbers
Ordinal numbers
Possessives
Demonstrative
Quantity
Articles
(one, two)
(first, second)
(my, your, his)
(this, that, these, those)
(few, many, much)
(a, an, the)
When descriptive adjective modify a singular countable nouns, they are usually preceded by a, an or the.
§  A pretty girl
§  An interesting story
§  The red dress
Adjective normally precede the noun they modify, or follow linking verbs. Adjective modify only nouns, pronouns, and linking verbs.
Note: adjective answers the question: What kind …….?

2.      ADVERBS
Adverbs modify verbs (except linking verbs), adjectives, or other adverbs.
Many descriptive
Adjective can be changed to adverbs by adding – ly to the adjective base.
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
Bright
Careful
Quiet
Brightly
Carefully
Quietly
Note: The following words are also adverbs; so, very, almost, soon, often, fast, rather, well, there, too. And adverb answers the question: How ….?
§   David is reading carefully
(How is David reading?)
§   Maria Elena speaks Spanish fluently
(How does she speak?)
§   Rita drank too much coffee
(How much coffee did she drink?)
§   I don’t play tennis very well
(How well do I play?)
§   He was driving fast
(How was he driving?)
§   She reviewed her notes carefully
(How did she review her notes?)

Adjectives with Linking Verbs
A special category of verbs connects or links the subject with the subject complement (predicate adjective). Unlike most verbs, these do not show action. They must be modified by adjectives, not verbs.
Be
Become
Remain
Stay
Appear
Seem
Sound
Taste
Feel
Look
Smell
·         Mary feels bad about her test grade
·         Children become tired quite easily
·         Lucy will look radiant in her new dress
·         The flowers smell sweet
·         The soup tastes good
Be, become, and remain can be followed by noun phrases as well as adjectives.
·         They remained sad even thought I tired to cheer them up.
Sad is adjective
·         Doug remained chairman of the board despite the opposition.
Chairman is noun phrase
·         Children often become bored at meetings.
Bored is adjective
·         Christine became class president after a long, hard campaign.
Class president is noun phrase
·         Sally will be happy when she hears the good news.
Happy is adjective
·         Ted will be prom king this year
Prom king is noun phrase
Feel, look, smell and taste many also be transitive verbs and take a direct object. When they function in this way, they become active and are modified by adverbs. Notice the following pairs of sentences. Those which take objects are active, and which do not are linking.
o   The doctor felt leg carefully to see if there were any.
      The leg is object
Carefully is adverb
o   Mike felt ecstatic after passing his law school exam.
      Ecstatic is adjective
o   Professor Ingells looked at the exams happily
      The exams are object
o   Joey does not look happy today
      Happily is adverb
o   The lady is smelling the flowers gingerly
      The flowers are object
      Gingerly is adverb
o   After being closed up far so long, the house smells musty.
      Musty is adjective
o   The chef tasted the meat cautiously before presenting it to the king.
      The meat is object
      Cautiously is adverb
o   Your chocolate cake tastes delicious
      Delicious is adjectives
EXERCISES
I.       Cross out the incorrect form in parentheses
1.      Rita plays the violin (good/well)
2.      That is an (intense/intensely) novel
3.      The sun is shining (bright/brightly)
4.      The girl speak (fluent/fluently) French
5.      The boys speak Spanish (fluent/fluently)
6.      The table has a (smooth/smoothly) surface
7.      We must figure our income tax returns (accurate/accurately)
8.      We don’t like to drink (bitter/bitterly) tea
9.      The plane will arrive (soon/sonly)
10.  He had an accident because he was driving too (fast/fastly)
II.    Fill in the blanks with the correct adjectives or adverbs
1.      Your music sounds ……………
2.      The pianist play very …………….
3.      The food in the restaurant always tastes …………..
4.      The campers remained …….despite the thunderstorm
5.      The became ……… after eating the contaminated food
6.      Professor Calandra looked ……… at the student’s sketches
7.      Paco was working ………….on the project.
8.      Paul protested …………….about the new proposals.
9.      Our neighbors appeared ………..after their vacation.
10.  The music sounded too …………..to be classical.

C.    SPEAKING
An ideal friend

Dave: hello?
Jim: Hi, my name’s James brandy. I’m calling about the ads for a roommate.
Dave: oh, yes.
Jim: are you still looking for someone?
Dave: yes, we are
Jim: oh, good. I’m really interested.
Dave: there are four of us, and It’s a fairly small house. So we want someone who is easy to along with.
Jim: well, I’m pretty easy going.
Dave: great. Can I ask you a few questions?

Development I
Continue the conversation above. Use your own questions and your own information. The questions may include:
1.      Identity
2.      Habits/ hobbies
3.      Family background
4.      Education background
5.      Personality
6.      Social activities
After getting the data, guess the personalities of the caller, explain your opinion!
These personal qualities may help you develop your conversation.
Easygoing             independent                proud               ambitious
Emotional              moody                         sociable           punctual
Generous               patient                         reliable             selfish
Diligent                 smart                           religious           etc.


D.    WRITING
Write one of your friend’s characteristics in your class, and your own characteristic.





BIBLIOGRAPHY


Frank Marcella. Modern English: a practical reference Guide. New Jersey. Practice Hall. 1972
Kokomaking D. joakim, Handoyo,Pujo. Tsardosslapito. Keep on Conversing. A compilation of speaking materials for conversation classes.Jakarta. ABA pertiwi- BBC INTERNATIONAL. 1998
Matreyek, walter. Communicating in English: examples and models (material for language practice). Vol 3 Situation. New York. Pergamon Press. 1983
Thomson & Martinet,  A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University, Hong Kong,1986

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